Most replacement windows have several layers of glass. Two layers are common but some go to three and even four layers. The dead air space in between the layers helps reduce the flow of heat through the window. Usually there is a spacer around the edge of the panes of glass that hold all of this together. Insulated Glass Unit (IGU) is simply the term used to describe this package of layers of glass, spacers, inert gases and glass coatings. The frame of a replacement window, in turn, goes around the IGUs, for example Penguin Windows.
Low emittance, it means one or more of the panes of glass in the window is coated with metal oxide or metal. The coating is extremely thin so you don’t normally see it. You might notice a slight tint with low-e windows but for the most part they are transparent. They work by reflecting heat back off the glass. Sounds pretty simple doesn’t it? But the complicated part is when you start to think about which way you want the heat to be reflected.
In really hot climates you want the heat to stay outdoors right from the start. You want the heat of the sun to be immediately reflected off the outside of the windows. In really cold climates you want just the opposite. You want the sun to shine through your windows and bring all the heat with it. Then you want the window to keep the heat in by reflecting it back inside your home. It’s energy efficiency.
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